Tuesday, November 7, 2017

What is transformer ?

What is transformer ?


1.Transformer is a static machine.
2. It transfers AC current from one voltage to another voltage at same frequency and the same apparent power.
3. It transfers power from one winding to another winding via a common magnetic core.

Sunday, May 22, 2016

Seasonal Industries. ( Qno 6b, P1 Dec 2015)

SEASONAL INDUSTRIES


Where a consumer avails supply of energy for manufacture of sugar or ice or salt, decorticating, ginning and pressing, tobacco processing and redrying and for such other industries or processes as may be specified by the Board from time to time principally during certain seasons or limited periods in the year and his main plant is regularly closed down during certain months of the year, he may be charged for the months during which the plant is shut down (which period shall be referred to as the off-season period) as follows under H.T.
Category-II rates.
REF : APED Manual Volume I, Page No 73, Para no 1

Explain Surcharge for low power factor. ( Qno 6a, P1 Dec 2015)

SURCHARGE FOR LOW POWER FACTOR


The power factor for the month shall be the ratio of Kilo - Watt hours to the Kilo - Volt-Ampere Hours supplied to the consumer during the month. The power factor shall be calculated upto two decimal places. The power factor of the consumer's installation shall not be less than 0.85. If the power factor falls below 0.85 during any month, the consumer shall pay a surcharge of two per cent on the amount of that month's bill (excluding demand charges and customer charges) for each 0.01 (decimal naught one) fall in the power factor. Should
the power factor drop below 0.75 and so remain for a period of 2 consecutive months it must be brought upto 0.85 within a period of 6 months by methods approved by the Board failing which, without prejudice to right of the Board to collect surcharge and without prejudice to such other rights as having accrued to the Board or any other right of the Board, the supply to the consumer may be discontinued.
REF : APED Manual Volume I , Page no 78 , Para no 6

Describe the general instructions on the care, proper sealing and testing of Meters along with special instructions to be observed in case of H.T metering cubicles .( Qno 4, P1 Dec 2015)

The following are the general instructions on the care, proper sealing and testing of meters:—
 
(1) SEALS:
All the H.T. meters should be sealed under the supervision of Divisional Engineer/Assistant Divisional Engineer Meters, L.T. and other meters under the supervision of Assistant Divisional Engineer/Assistant Engineer/Meters. The sealing plair of MRT should be distinctly different from that of the field staff. The seals of the meters received from MRT should not be broken by the filed staff.
N.B. (1) The lineman may seal cut outs of all the single phase domestic services. The line inspector may seal cut outs of all the three phase domestic services upto 5 K.W. and all single phase non-domestic
services. The Section Officer may seal cut outs of all other L.T. category services.
(2) Sealing pliers should be in the personal custody of the person to whom they are issued. They should never be lent to anyone else even of higher rank and should be. kept locked when not under use. The
superintending Engineer will issue for each distribution a list of authorised sealers with the type and the form of the seals and a copy of it should be carefully maintained in the distributionoffice. 115
3) In no circumstances should supply be given unless both the meter and the cut-outs are sealed separately as indicated above. 
4) The sealing should be done by keeping the sealing plier perpendicular to the sealing wire. If it is done any other manner there is possibility of slippage of seal.

(2) CUT-OUT : The phase cut-outs should be mounted after the meter on one side of the meter box on the outside. They should be fixed by means of cup headed bolts with lock nuts inside the meter box. The hinges should be revetted with good heads or should be sealed by the Line Inspector or Lineman.

(3) CONNECTIONS. All cables and connections up to the supply side of the meter should be metal clad/P.V.C. pipe throughout, i.e., if the cable itself is not armoured, it should be enclosed in continuous screwed piping. If flanges or running couplings are to be employed, they shouldbe sealed by the Section Officer and the facts recorded.

(4) METERS: The lineman may seal the meter terminal covers of all single phase domestic services after he himself has made the connections and seen that all the connections are tight. The line inspector may seal the meter terminal covers of all 3 phase domestic services upto 5 K.W. and all single phase non-domestic services. The Section Officer may seal the meter terminal covers of all other L.T. categories of services except CT meters. In respect of L.T., CT meters, the meter terminal covers and pilfer proof box must be sealed by the Assistant Divisional Engineer meters. However, the in coming and out going service connection cables from the pilfer proof box may be sealed by the Section Officer. The Assistant Divisional Engineer may release and seal all H.T. services up to 1000 KVA. The Divisional Engineer may release and seal all the H.T. services above 1000 KVA. 
The following special instructions must be observed in the case of H.T. metering cubicles:-
a) Sealing arrangements shall be done for AB switches at consumer premises.
b) Sealing arrangements shall be provided for sealing of the top cover and inspection cover of the metering cubicles and MRT seals shall be provided for the top cover, inspection cover and secondary terminal of the metering cubicles.
c) Multiplying factor used shall be prominently painted on the meter and meter card also
d) Effective insulation is to be provided to the terminals of the metering cubicle.
e) The fuses provided for the P.T. on the L.T. side shall be removed and give direct connection to the meter. 116
f) The metering cubicles shall be connected in the Max C.T. ratio provided so that the multiplying factor should be calculated without ambiguity.
g) Test blocks shall be provided to the meters. The test blocks should be effectively sealed by M.R.T.
h) It should be ensured to have a separate set of C.Ts for protection, recording load etc. instead of combining them with billing meter circuit.
REF : APED Manual Volume I, Page no 114 - 115 , Para No 162, 163

What are the registers maintained in the Stores section of the system in connection with the purchase of stores ? ( Qno 5b in P1 Dec 2015)

The following registers are maintained in the Stores section of the system in connection with the purchase of stores:—
a) Register of purchase orders
b) Register of rate contract
c) Register of indents sent to Chief Engineer
d) Register of T. Notes
e) Register of transport bills
f) Register of Railway receipts and Lorry receipts.
g) Register of rejected materials
h) Register of Check measurements
i) Register of ‘C’ forms
j) Register of Theft of materials
k) Register of Demurrages and wharefages.
1) Register of Test Checks
m) Register of Stores Received Books and Stores Issues Books.
n) Register of Gate passes
o) Register of Requisition and Devolutions.
p) Register of Auction materials .
q) Form no 13 Report on receipt of materials in stores.
r) Register of specimen signatures
REF : APED Manual I, Page No 279, Para No 318

What is BIN CARD ?

Bin Card


A Bin Card (Form--S--13) is hung up outside each bin or rack in the stores. The minimum and maximum quantities to be stocked in respect of the material as fixed by the Superintending Engineer are noted in it. Each time articles are placed into or taken out of a bin or rack an entry is concurrently made in the Bin Card and the balance struck. Where materials are stocked out—door, Bin Cards should be separately maintained by the Section Officers and all issues and receipts concurrently noted. The Bin Cards should show the balances at any moment and this should tally with numerical accounts. An entry of receipt of a material is first made in Stores Received Book and then in the Bin Card while in the case of issue an entry is made first in the Bin Card and then in the Stores Issued Book.
REF : APED Manual Volume I , Page No 284, Para No 324

What are the limitations of Energy Audit ? (Qno 1c, P1 Dec 2015)

LIMITATIONS OF ENERGY AUDIT
 

The losses arrived at can at best indicate only the range of losses but not a very accurate figure on account of the following constraints.
• High cost of metering at EHT & HT points. As meters are to be connected using instrument transformers CT & PT for stepping down the primary parameters to levels acceptable by meters the errors in the CT & PT together with errors in meters add up to inaccuracies. The high multiplying factors cause to magnify even small errors in registration of reading.
• Simultaneous reading of all meters at every metering point is not possible unless an expensive automatic logging is provided.
• Near impossibility of reading meters at all consumers at one time. Each State Electricity Board have about 10 million consumers spread over vast area. Also SEBs have different meter reading cycles such as monthly, bi-monthly, trimonthly etc., by grouping number of services.
• Assessed consumption at services with defective meters to be added up to sales.150
• Assessed consumption of unmetered services such as agriculture, have large bearing on arriving at the T&D losses.
Ref: APED Manual Volume I , Page No 149, Para No 228

Explain Briefly Direct and Indirect Methods of Energy Audit ? ( Qno 1b, P1 Dec 2015 )

DIRECT & INDIRECT METHODS OF ENERGY AUDIT


I) Direct Method: In this method, losses are found on the basis of difference of units sent out and received at the end of each element in the power system. The main advantage is that it is straight forward and simple. The major constraints are that it calls for metering of very high class of accuracy and the difficulty, in simultaneous reading of meters. Due to employing CT & PT of very high ratios the multiplying factors are very large and any small variation will result in large discrepancy.

II) Indirect Method: The losses are determined by simulation of the network. With the advent of powerful mini and micro computers at affordable prices and good models for simulation of T&D networks this is more popular and practical. Even in this system, metering at critical points in the system for operating parameters such as power factor, coincident fact, or load factor, loss factor and hourly load data is required for use in simulation.
Ref : APED Manual Volume I, Page no 149,  Para no 227

What are the objectives of Energy Audit ? ( Qno 1a, P1 Dec 2015 )

OBJECTIVES OF ENERGY AUDIT

  1. Identification of areas of High Technical Losses and to take steps to reduce the same
  2. Arrive at system improvements necessary
  3. Obtain guidance for system planning
  4. Identification of areas where commercial losses are very high and to take remedial steps
  5. Pinpointing areas where theft of energy by direct tapping is rampant and take
  6. steps to plug up the leakages
APED Manual Volume I, Page No 148,  Para 226

Saturday, May 14, 2016

Indian Electricity Grid Code

Indian Electricity Grid Code


Indian Electricity Grid Code

Indian Electricity Rules 1956

Indian Electricity Rules 1956


Indian Electricity Rules 1956

Indian Electricity Act 2003

Indian Electricity Act 2003


Indian Electricity Act 2003

Technical Referance Book Volume I APSEB


Technical Referance Book Volume I APSEB


Technical Referance Book Volume I APSEB

Technical Referance Book Volume II APSEB

Technical Referance Book Volume II APSEB


Technical Referance Book Volume II APSEB

APED Manual Volume - II

APED Manual Volume - II



APED Manual Volume - II 

APED Manual Volume - I

APED Manual Volume - I


Thursday, April 21, 2016

Account Test or Departmental Test Notification June 2016 TSTRANSCO TSSPDCL TSNPDCL

Account Test or Departmental Test Notification June 2016 TSTRANSCO TSSPDCL TSNPDCL 

Notification to all CEs., SEs etc. of TSTRANSCO, TSGENCO, TSSPDCL AND TSNPDCL:

           
In pursuance of rules 5 and 6 of Departmental Test Rules 1973 approved in A.P.S.E.Board Memo.No.3093 / A2 / 72-14, Dt:10-12-1973 and Service Regulations Part-III, Annexure-IV and the orders issued from time to time, it is hereby notified that the following Departmental Examinations   will be held on  11-06-2016 and  12-06-2016.

(1) TESTS :  The following departmental tests will be conducted for the employees of TSTRANSCO,  TSGENCO, TSSPDCL and TSNPDCL.

i)   Account Test for AEs / AAEs (EMT) (With Books)                                Each test consisting
ii)  Account Test for AEs / AAEs (Civil) (With Books)                                 of 2 papers @
iii) Accountancy Higher Grade Examination (Without Books)                    3 hours duration.



(2) APPLICATION FORM : The Application form shall be downloaded in two separate legal size papers from TSTRANSCO Website (www.transco.telangana.gov.in / Department Home / Training / Department Test Notification) or the application form should be neatly typed in the prescribed format in two separate legal Xerox papers only. The application forms are also available with Controller of Departmental Exams / CTI / TSTRANSCO / Hyderabad at free of cost. Applications printed on normal white paper / printed in more than two pages / printed in landscape orientation are strictly liable for rejection.

(3) ELIGIBILITY TO APPEAR FOR THE TESTS :

i) Account Test for AEs / AAEs (EMT) : ( With Books )
The candidates who are appointed as AEs/ AAEs (EMT) temporary or regular or on deputation to other departments are eligible to appear for the test, those technical personnel below the cadre of AE / AAE(EMT) may also apply for the test, subject to the completion of  a minimum of one year  service in the feeder cadre as direct recruitee exclusive of EOL period if any, are only eligible for applying the test. The Candidates should produce the documentary evidence to that effect viz.. a copy of last increment release orders duly attested by the Controlling Officer or the service certificate which shall be issued by the controlling officer concerned only, in respect of the candidate who is working directly under his / her control and which should project the EOL period also. The application is liable to be rejected, if, any one of the above two documents is not submitted by the candidate along with application.

The AEs and the employees below the cadre of AE who were appointed as trainees / on contract basis and not completed one year of service period and whose services are not appointed to regular time scale are not eligible to apply for the test. The eligible candidates should produce the documentary evidence as mentioned in the above para.

ii)  Account Test for AEs / AAEs (Civil) : ( With Books )
The candidates who are appointed as AEs / AAEs (Civil) temporary or regular or on deputation to other departments are eligible to appear for the test, those technical personnel below the cadre of AE / AAE(Civil) may also apply for the test, subject to the completion of  a minimum of one year  service in the feeder cadre as direct recruitee exclusive of EOL period if any, are only eligible for applying the test. The Candidates should produce the documentary evidence to that effect viz.. a copy of last increment release orders duly attested by the Controlling Officer or the service certificate which shall be issued by the controlling officer concerned only, in respect of the candidate who is working directly under his / her control and which should project the EOL period also. The application is liable to be rejected, if, any one of the above two documents is not submitted by the candidate along with application.

The AEs and the employees below the cadre of AE who were appointed as trainees / on contract basis and not completed one year of service period and whose services are not regularized are not eligible to apply for the test. The eligible candidates should produce the documentary evidence as mentioned in the above para.


iii)  Accountancy Higher Grade Examination: (Without Books)
The candidates who are appointed as UDCs / Senior Assistants / UD-Stenos temporary or regular or on deputation to other departments are eligible to appear for the test.

However those accounts personnel below the cadre of UDCs / Senior Assistants / UD-Stenos may also apply for the test,subject to the completion of  a minimum of one year  service in the feeder cadre as direct recruitee exclusive of EOL period if any, are only eligible for applying the test. The Candidates should produce the documentary evidence to that effect viz.. a copy of last increment release orders duly attested by the Controlling Officer or the service certificate which shall be issued by the controlling officer concerned only, in respect of the candidate who is working directly under his / her control and which should project the EOL period also. The application is liable to be rejected, if, any one of the above two documents is not submitted by the candidate along with application.

The employees below the cadre of UDCs / Senior Assistants / UD-Stenos  who were appointed as trainees / on contract basis and not completed one year of service period and whose services are not appointed to regular time scale are not eligible to apply for the test. The eligible candidates should produce the documentary evidence as mentioned in the above para.

Members of Accounts service who possess B.Com degree of a University need not be required to pass this test as mentioned under Class – III, Category – I of Annexure - IV of APSEB Service Regulations Part - III. 

NOTE:  The orders issued in TOO. Ms. No.468, Dt:07.02.2011 specifies “irrespective of the cadre, the employees are allowed to appear for the Departmental Tests concerned, being conducted by TSTRANSCO.  However, mere passing of any test other than the prescribed Departmental Test does not confer any right on the employee for claiming promotion to the next higher cadre as envisaged in the Service Regulations Part-III, Annexure - IV.” 

4) EXAMINATION FEE:
THE EXAMINATION  FEE  of Rs.200/- for each test shall be remitted by way of Demand Draft drawn in favour of “SENIOR ACCOUNTS OFFICER, CORPORATE TRAINING INSTITUTE, TSTRANSCO, HYDERABAD” on any Nationalized Bank, Payable at Hyderabad only. The D.D. for Rs.200/- towards the examination fee should be enclosed to the application form. The D.D. drawn prior to 11.04.2016, and after the last date for submission of applications i.e. 10.05.2016   will not be accepted, and the application is liable for rejection. Postal orders or Money Orders will not be accepted. The fees once remitted shall under no circumstances be refunded or adjusted.

(5) EXEMPTION FROM PAYMENT OF FEES:
All the employees shall invariably pay the Examination fees of Rs.200/-. Employees eligible for exemption as per Service Regulation Part - III, Annexure – IV from payment of Examination Fees for the above tests can claim reimbursement by producing D.D. counter slip / Photostat copy of the D.D. from their concerned Head of the Office in which they are working. However the guidelines for claiming exemption from payment of fees are as follows:

(i)         If the test is prescribed AS PART OF PROBATION OR FOR EARNING INCREMENTS, NO FEE WILL BE LEVIED FOR THE FIRST TWO ATTEMPTS.

(ii)        The Head of the Office / Controlling Officer is the competent authority for reimbursement of the Examination Fee after duly verifying the service register of the respective employee.

(iii)       The Head of Office / Head of Department should verify carefully that the number of free chances availed (two only) by the candidate and the same is to be recorded in the service register before making the reimbursement of Examination Fee of Rs.200/-.

NOTE:- Such of those candidates who are below the cadres of AE/AAE(EMT), AE/AAE(Civil), UDC / Senior Assistant / UD Steno and applied for the above tests i.e. 3(i) to 3(iii) respectively are not entitled for claiming exemption from examination fees.

(6) SELECTION OF EXAMINATION CENTRES: The following are the centres at which the examinations will be held:

i) HYDERABAD         ii) PALONCHA           &    iii) WARANGAL

HYDERABAD CENTRE: Employees working in all the offices of TSTRANSCO, TSGENCO, and TSSPDCL located in Hyderabad, North Circle, South Circle, Central Circle, R.R.North Circle, R.R. South Circle, Medak,  Mahabubnagar,  Nalgonda  including  Nagarjunasagar,  Singur projects. In respect of employees working in the offices of SLBHES coming under the control of TSGENCO. Employees, including both Jurala Projects working in Mahabubnagar District.

PALONCHA CENTRE: Employees working in KTPS and offices of TSTRANSCO, TSGENCO and TSNPDCL located in Kothagudem and Bhadrachalam.

WARANGAL CENTRE: Employees working in all the offices of TSTRANSCO, TSGENCO and TSNPDCL located in Adilabad, Nizamabad, Karimnagar, Warangal, Khammam (other than Kothagudam, Bhadrachalam areas) Districts including Pochampad, KTPP, RTS - Ramagundam.

 (7) MODE OF SUBMISSION OF APPLICATION:

The candidate shall ensure the following before submission of filled-in Application form.

i.    All the columns in the application form & Hall Ticket shall be filled neatly and legibly with candidate’s own hand writing and duly signed by the candidate.

ii.    Latest identical passport size photographs to be affixed on the application form and Hall Ticket forms and shall be attested by the Controlling Officer concerned only.

iii.  The Demand Draft towards Examination fees of Rs.200/- shall be enclosed.

iv.   Copy of last increment release orders duly attested by the Controlling officer concerned or a service   
       certificate which shall be issued only by the concerned  controlling officer , in respect of the candidate      
       who is working directly under their  control and which should project EOL period also.

v.   Correct self addressed envelope of size 10’X5’ with pin code and affixed with Rs.10/- postage stamps   
      shall be enclosed for dispatching the Hall Ticket, Time Table & Instructions to candidate.

(8) LAST DATE FOR SUBMISSION OF APPLICATION FORM :
The last date for receipt of filled-in applications for all the Departmental Tests to be conducted by the TSTRANSCO is 10.05.2016  and applications received after due date will not be entertained. The Filled in Applications shall be sent to THE CONTROLLER OF DEPARTMENTAL EXAMINATIONS, CORPORATE TRAINING INSTITUTE, TSTRANSCO, GTS COLONY, HYDERABAD – 45.

(9) REJECTION OF APPLICATIONS : Applications will be rejected for the following reasons. There will not be any intimation   and no further correspondence will be entertained in this regard.

  i)         If the applications are received after the last date.

  ii)        If the application form is not in the prescribed Pro-forma, i.e, on two separate legal
             size papers.

iii)            If the application form is printed on normal white paper / printed in landscape orientation / split into more than two pages.

iv)           If the application form is not completely and correctly filled in by the candidate’s own hand writing or if any particulars are not furnished.

v)            If Hall Tickets columns in application form are not correctly completely filled in and not signed by the candidate in the prescribed columns.

vi)           If wrong information is furnished anywhere in the application form.

vii)          If the signature of candidate is missing even at one place.

viii)         If Office Seal / Signature of Controlling officer is missing in the application.

ix)           If photos are not affixed on the application form or not affixed with identical photos on the application form and Hall Tickets.

x)            If the photos are not attested i.e. Office seal / Signature of controlling officer is missing on photos.

xi)           If the prescribed examination fee is not drawn in the form of D.D / If fee paid is less / if D.D not drawn on Nationalized Bank and not payable at Hyderabad.

xii)          If the Demand Draft paid towards Examination fee is not in favour of “Senior Accounts Officer / CTI / TSTRANSCO / Hyderabad”.

xiii)         If the Demand Draft paid towards Examination fee is dated prior to the Notification of Departmental Examinations or after the last date for submission of application form.

xiv)        If the Demand Draft paid towards Examination fee is without Banker Signature / Date of issue / Name of Branch / Code number of Branch.

xv)         If the candidate has not mentioned in the application form the name of test to which he / she is willing to appear the test.

xvi)        If the candidate applies for more than one test in a single application form.

xvii)       If the applicant is not eligible to appear the Examination to which he/she applied for.

xviii)      If the candidate has not enclosed correct self addressed envelop of size 10‘ x 5’ with  pin code and affixed with Rs.10/- postage stamps for dispatching the Hall Ticket, Time Table and Instructions to Candidate etc.

xix)        If Photostat copies of last increment release orders duly attested by the Controlling officer concerned or a Service Certificate issued by controlling officer is not enclosed.

(10) PASS MARKS:
The candidate has to secure a minimum of 40 (Forty) marks in each Paper to pass the above tests.

(11)  PUBLICATION OF RESULTS:
Results will be displayed on the TSTRANSCO website www.transco.telangana.gov.in / Department Home /  Training / Department Test Results as well as in the Notice Board of the Office of Controller of Departmental Examinations, Corporate Training Institute, TSTRANSCO, Hyderabad - 45 and will also be communicated to Head Offices of all TSTRANSCO, TSGENCO, TSSPDCL and TSNPDCL.

(12) MEMORANDUM OF MARKS: Memorandum of marks will be issued on making application to the Controller of Departmental Examinations, Corporate Training Institute, TSTRANSCO, Hyderabad – 45  by the candidate along with a DD for Rs.40/- drawn in favour of “Senior Accounts Officer, CTI, TSTRANSCO, Hyderabad” on any Nationalized Bank and payable at Hyderabad and also a self addressed envelope of size 10’X5’ with pin code and affixed with Rs.10/- postage stamps for dispatching the Memorandum of Marks. The application for issuing the Memorandum of Marks shall be made within three months from the date of publishing results.  No marks memo will be issued, if the DD is drawn prior to the date of Results Notification and after the last date of three months from the date of results declared.

13) REVALUATION :  Revaluation of answer scripts in any test is not permissible under any circumstances.

(14) RECOUNTING OF MARKS:
The process of Recounting of marks has been dispensed from the session of June- 2010 onwards.

(15) GENERAL INSTRUCTIONS:
i) Every candidate who submits his / her application to the Controller of Departmental Examinations to appear for a test will be deemed to have given an undertaking that he / she shall abide by all the rules in force and all the other rules which may hereafter be brought into force in respect of the tests.

ii) While forwarding the filled-in applications the controlling officer should ensure eligibility criteria of the candidate as per the clause (3) above.

iii) The controlling officer concerned only should sign and affix his / her seal of office duly certifying the signature of the candidate on 3 Nos. of photographs affixed on the Application form and on the Hall Ticket forms.

iv) The candidate should specifically mention on the application form in the column (5) “Name of the Test Applied”, the name of the examination to which he / she desires to appear. Any change of test or change in examination centre will not be entertained at a later date.

v)  The Hall Ticket for admission to the tests along with the time-table and Instructions to the candidate will be sent to the candidates well in advance to the date of Examinations.
vi) The candidates are requested to write the full answer to the questions attempted, apart from quoting the reference, in respect of the exam with books.
vii) The candidates should clearly write the calculation of each step and arrive the final answer instead of writing final answer.


Place : Hyderabad.    
Date   :11 -04-2016.


                                                                               Sd/-                                                                          CONTROLLER OF DEPARTMENTAL EXAMINATIONS







Thursday, March 3, 2016

What is the difference between MCB & MCCB, Where it can be used?

  • MCB is miniature circuit breaker which is thermal operated and use for short circuit protection in small current rating circuit.
  • Normally it is used where normal current is less than 100A.
  • MCCB moulded case circuit breaker and is thermal operated for over load current and magnetic operation for instant trip in short circuit condition. Under voltage and under frequency may be inbuilt.
  • Normally it is used where normal current is more than 100A.

What is transformer ?

What is transformer ? 1.Transformer is a static machine. 2. It transfers AC current from one voltage to another voltage at same freq...